Health administration
For management of health information systems, such as electronic medical
records, see health information management.
Health Administration or Healthcare Administration is the field relating
to leadership, management, and administration of public health systems, health
care systems, hospitals, and hospital networks. Health care administrators are
considered health care professionals.
Terminology
Health systems management or health care systems management describes
the leadership and general management of hospitals, hospital networks, and/or
health care systems. In international use, the term refers to management at all
levels. In the United States, management of a single institution (e.g. a
hospital) is also referred to as "Medical and health services
management" "Healthcare management" or Health Administration.
Health systems management ensures that specific outcomes are attained,
that departments within a health facility are running smoothly, that the right
people are in the right jobs
, that people know what is expected of them, that resources are used efficiently and that all departments are working towards a common goal.
, that people know what is expected of them, that resources are used efficiently and that all departments are working towards a common goal.
Hospital administrators
Hospital administrators are individuals or groups of people who act as
the central point of control within hospitals. These individuals may be
previous or current clinicians, or individuals with other backgrounds. There
are two types of administrators, generalists and specialists. Generalists are
individuals who are responsible for managing or helping to manage an entire
facility. Specialists are individuals who are responsible for the efficient
operations of a specific department such as policy analysis, finance,
accounting, budgeting, human resources, or marketing.
It was reported in September 2014, that the United States spends roughly
$218 billion per year on hospital's administration costs, which is equivalent
to 1.43 percent of the total U.S. economy. Hospital administration has grown as
a percent of the U.S. economy from .9 percent in 2000 to 1.43 percent in 2012,
according to Health Affairs. In 11 different countries, hospitals allocate
approximately 12 percent of their budget toward administrative costs. In the
United States, hospitals spend 25 percent on administrative costs.
Training and Organizations
Associated
Qualifications
Health care management is usually studied through healthcare
administration[5] or healthcare management programs in a business school or, in
some institutions, in a school of public health.
Although many colleges and universities are offering a bachelor's degree
in healthcare administration or human resources, a master's degree is
considered the "standard credential"for most health administrators in
the United States. Research and academic-based doctorate level degrees, such as
the Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Health Administration and the Doctor of
Health Administration (DHA) degree, prepare health care professionals to turn
their clinical or administrative experiences into opportunities to develop new
knowledge and practice, teach, shape public policy and/or lead complex
organizations. There are multiple recognized degree types that are considered
equivalent from the perspective of professional preparation.
The Commission on the Accreditation of Healthcare Management Education
(CAHME) is the accrediting body overseeing master's-level programs in the
United States and Canada on behalf of the United States Department of
Education. It accredits several degree program types, including Master of
Hospital Administration (MHA), of Health Services Administration (MHSA), of
Business Administration in Hospital Management (MBA-HM), Master of Health
Administration (MHA), Master of Public Health (MPH, MSPH, MSHPM), Master of
Science (MS-HSM, MS-HA), and Master of Public Administration (MPA).
Professional
Organizations
There are a variety of different professional associations related to
health systems management, which can be subcategorized as either personal or
institutional membership groups. Personal membership groups are joined by
individuals, and typically have individual skills and career development as
their focus. Larger personal membership groups include the American College of
Healthcare Executives, the Healthcare Financial Management Association, and the
Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society. Institutional membership
groups are joined by organizations; whereas they typically focus on
organizational effectiveness, and may also include data-sharing agreements and
other medical related or administrative practice sharing vehicles for member
organizations. Prominent examples include the American Hospital Association and
the University Healthsystems Consortium.
History
Early hospital administrators were called patient directors or
superintendents. At the time, many were nurses who had taken on administrative
responsibilities. Over half of the members of the American Hospital Association
were graduate nurses in 1916. Other superintendents were medical doctors,
laymen and members of the clergy. In the United States, the first degree
granting program in the United States was established at Marquette University
in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. By 1927, the first two students received their
degrees. The original idea is credited to Father Moulinier, associated with the
Catholic Hospital Association.The first modern health systems management
program was established in 1934 at the University of Chicago. At the time,
programs were completed in two years – one year of formal graduate study and
one year of practicing internship. In 1958, the Sloan program at Cornell
University began offering a special program requiring two years of formal
study, which remains the dominant structure in the United States and Canada
today (see also "Academic Preparation").
Health systems management has been described as a "hidden"
health profession because of the relatively low-profile role managers take in
health systems, in comparison to direct-care professions such as nursing and
medicine. However the visibility of the management profession within healthcare
has been rising in recent years, due largely to the widespread problems
developed countries are having in balancing cost, access, and quality in their
hospitals and health systems
References
1 "World
Health Organization - Management".
2 "Bureau
of Labor Statistics".
3 "Health
Care Administrator". Retrieved 11 September 2012.
Kliff, Sarah. "$1.43 of every $100 in America
goes toward hospital administration". Vox. Retrieved 16 September 2014.
4 "Bachelor's
Degree in Healthcare Administration" New England College
5 "healthcare
management"
6 "Bureau
of Labor Statistics - Occupational Outlook Handbook entry".
Haddock, Cynthia Carter "A Brief History of
Healthcare Management", 2002.
7 "University
of Chicago - Graduate Program in Health Administration and Policy".
source From Wikipedia
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